Fused labia is an acquired condition that generally affects otherwise normal girls in the first few years of life. It occurs when the inner surfaces of the labia minora become irritated and the 'raw' areas on each side stick together. Undescended testis (or cryptorchidism) is a term used to describe the testis that has not...

Recurrent abdominal pain is one of the most common chronic illnesses of childhood. Yet an organic cause can be found in less than 5 per cent of cases. The lack of a clear aetiology has prompted researchers to theorise possible causes, but researchers have had more success in isolating how children with recurrent abdominal pain...

Impetigo is the most common skin infection of early childhood and is associated with warm, humid weather, crowded living conditions and close physical contact. Insect bites, cutaneous trauma to uncovered limbs, eczema, scabies and insect bites are important risk factors. This article considers features, management and prevention.

Helping children to grow into responsible, well-adjusted individuals is a central concern for parents and those working with children. One crucial aspect of adjustment is the ability to solve one's problems and conflicts in an effective, appropriate and non-violent manner. As parents grapple with how to help their children achieve this goal, they are confronted...

This publication looks at the possible causes of irritable infants and gastro-oesophageal reflux in infants. The cry of an infant is designed to stimulate a nurturing response in caregivers; babies come equipped with a cry that is a powerful means of communication. But how do parents learn to interpret a baby's cry? How does a...