This paper investigates three pathways by which Australia could export zero-carbon energy and products: direct exports of renewable electricity via sub-sea cables, exports of zero-carbon fuels (such as green hydrogen), and the export of 'green' metals processed from Australian ores using renewable energy.

This paper presents the goals, underlying principles and framework, and the research, development and demonstration/delivery (RD&D) activities of the Sustainable Cities research theme at CSIRO, emphasising its focus on inter-disciplinary and integrated approaches to address urban sustainability issues.