We are entering a period where (space) trade frictions are falling, creating new markets. Space as a new economic domain is rapidly expanding, with momentous political, security and economic implications. This new domain of economic competition will generate new opportunities but also open up new challenges requiring policymakers’ focus and action.

This working paper draws parallels between past industrial revolutions and the green transition, advocating for proactive policies to harness technological advancements, manage economic disruptions, and mitigate inequalities to ensure a smooth and equitable transformation.