The drivers of land-use decisions are complex, and models provide a structured methodology for investigating these. For the public and private sectors to make robust land-use decisions under uncertainty, high-quality modelling tools and data are essential.

As New Zealand joins with other countries to achieve net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, it will come under increasing pressure from changing economic opportunities, potentially disruptive new technologies, natural resource constraints, and evolving social and political drivers.

This paper describes the policy changes to the New Zealand emissions trading scheme (ETS) since 2008 that directly affect forestry; assesses the effectiveness of the scheme; explores who is benefiting from it; and outlines issues facing forestry in the ETS moving forward.

This document outlines an integrated proposal for managing unit supply and prices in the ETS. Its objective is to generate a more predictable long-term emission price signal to guide efficient domestic de-carbonisation and cost-effectively manage New Zealand’s overall contribution to global emission reductions.

This report is the first national assessment of the indirect impacts of the NPS-FM on New Zealand’s greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs).