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Parliamentary Library (Australia)

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Briefing paper

UN voting patterns reflect the changing geopolitical landscape


The United Nations (UN) Charter is an international treaty that is binding on all 193 member states. The current geopolitical environment and major power competition is challenging the UN Security Council (UNSC) as it struggles to uphold its obligations under the UN Charter. This paper outlines shifting alliances, reform, UNSC resolutions and UN challenges.
Briefing paper

Miscalculation: the income apportionment problem


The Australian Government has announced a resolution scheme to address millions of potentially miscalculated social security debts resulting from income apportionment. Income apportionment is an unlawful method used to calculate social security debts for payment recipients with employment income prior to December 2020. This paper outlines the Government's response to the issue.
Briefing paper

Fair Work Amendment (Protecting Penalty and Overtime Rates) Bill 2025: bill digest


The Fair Work Amendment (Protecting Penalty and Overtime Rates) Bill 2025 seeks to amend the Fair Work Act 2009 to ensure that pre-existing penalty and overtime rates in modern awards are not reduced. This paper provides an overview of penalty and overtime rates in Australia, presents key issues and provisions, and summarises the position of...
Briefing paper

2025 Australian federal election


This paper provides an overview of the 2025 Australian federal election, including electoral trends and results. It presents a summary of the election timelines, candidates, voter participation and close seats. At the close of rolls, there was a record enrolment rate of 98%, which is exceptionally high compared to similar democracies.
Briefing paper

Early Childhood Education and Care (Strengthening Regulation of Early Education) Bill 2025: bill digest


The Early Childhood Education and Care (Strengthening Regulation of Early Education) Bill 2025 amends the A New Tax System (Family Assistance) (Administration) Act 1999 to implement measures aimed at improving quality and safety in the early childhood education and care sector. This paper sets out the purpose of the Bill, the background, government responsibilities, key...

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