This report examines the transformative role of behavioural insights (BI) in European Union policymaking, advocating for integrating BI early in the policy cycle to enhance policy effectiveness. The policy relevance of this work lies in its timely contribution to evidence-based approaches, particularly in areas where the human dimension is key to policy success.

The aim of this report is to bring insights from the behavioural sciences, social sciences and humanities to update our picture of human political behaviour. This understanding will then hopefully provide solid foundations to improve policymaking, enabling scientific evidence and reason to contribute to democracy.

The European Digital Competence Framework for Citizens , also known as DigComp, offers a tool to improve citizens’ digital competence. This current version, DigComp 2.1, focuses on expanding the initial proficiency levels and providing examples of use.