The paper introduces the social and emotional wellbeing (SEWB) model and provides an overview of its key features, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander selfhood, SEWB domains, determinants of health, and expressions and experiences of SEWB. It presents the challenges in effective implementation of the model across research, policy and practice. The paper provides some recommended best practice approaches.

Key findings

• The SEWB model represents a paradigm for holistic health and wellbeing, which has transformed policy and practice.
• Approaches that consider the interconnectedness of SEWB domains and determinants of health, contribute most to strengthening SEWB for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and communities.
• The social, cultural, political and historical determinants of health are key factors in strengthening or compromising the interrelated domains.
• Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander selfhood is relational and formed through connections across SEWB domains, especially between self, family, community and ancestors.
• Self-determination and upholding the human rights of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are essential to healing, strengthening SEWB, and sustaining flourishing and thriving communities.
• Strength-based SEWB approaches are necessary for health practitioners and services that work with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and communities. 

 Strategies for implementing a strengths-based SEWB approach

• Listen respectfully
• Build respectful relationships
• Use appropriate communication skills
• Critically reflect on Australian political, historical and social contexts
• Apply a human rights based approach
• Evaluate SEWB services