Australia, Canada, France, Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom have been among the OECD countries with the strongest growth in international student enrolment over the last decade. This report examines the journey and challenges of international students. By comparing six major OECD study destinations, the report highlights both shared challenges and emerging policy responses.

Large portions of spending by national governments can be considered mandatory. Drawing on practices from eight OECD countries, this paper examines how governments define, monitor and review mandatory spending. The analysis suggests that mandatory spending should be reviewed regularly, included in fiscal rules and budget processes, and be subject to clear accountabilities to parliament.

This report synthesises the findings of a project to help seven European countries build capacity for evidence-informed policymaking (EIPM) in governance and public administration. It identifies pathways for promoting EIPM across Europe to address Europe’s most pressing challenges, respond to the changing needs of governments, and strengthen the capacity and resilience of public administrations with...

The report follows a New Zealand study tour of 42 business and civic leaders in the Netherlands. The report distils the most transferable lessons from the visit. Both countries are small, export-reliant democracies. It shows how the Netherlands has turned its small size into strength through practical thinking and steady delivery.

Long-term public issues face the intergenerational problem: current policy decisions place a disproportionate burden on future generations while primarily benefiting those in the present. This paper describes future design, an innovative method to incorporate the interests of future generations in policymaking. It concludes future design can effectively contribute to representing these interests, but requires adaptation...