This briefing paper defines the concept of social capital, forming the basis for a series that examines its impact across economic and social outcomes. It surveys and discusses various definitions and uses of the term, ultimately defining three ways in which social capital operates: 

1. bonding people within a group or community closer together
2. bridging the gap between people from different groups or communities together, and
3. linking individuals or groups to institutions or organisations that hold power and influence.

The paper goes on to define social capital in terms of four main elements: social trust / reciprocity, collective efficacy, social networks and mutual benefit.